The KV-107 is the Japanese license-built version of the Boeing Vertol Model 107, known in U.S. service as the CH-46 Sea Knight. Vertol (formerly Piasecki) designed the Model 107 in the late 1950s as a medium-lift, tandem-rotor helicopter. The prototype flew on April 22, 1958.

After Boeing acquired Vertol in 1960, the design evolved into the Model 107-II, which won the U.S. Marine Corps contract and became the CH-46A Sea Knight (first production flight in October 1962). Boeing built more than 650 aircraft of the family, most of them for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, as well as smaller numbers for Canada (CH-113 Labrador/Voyageur) and Sweden.

In 1959 Kawasaki agreed a technical cooperation deal with Vertol for the 107-II. License production began at the Gifu plant of Kawasaki Heavy Industries; the first aircraft built in Japan flew in May 1962. Over nearly three decades, Kawasaki built approximately 160 aircraft (some sources place the end of production in 1988-1990). In 1965 it obtained worldwide marketing rights for the Model 107-II, which allowed it to export beyond the Japanese market.