The only “way” to really avoid it is renouncing the American passport (if they are a naturalized citizen of the country they have moved to first). Like this: the individual has moved abroad to another country under an US passport at first, but they still owe taxes to the US government despite them not physically being there even though they’re earning a foreign paycheck (until they surrender their passport for another not considering dual citizenship).
Why don’t digital nomads consider naturalization rather than living under a Golden Visa? I know that Portugal or Spain for instance is popular towards digital nomads, but should they renounce their American passport into becoming a Spanish or Portuguese citizen? Also, why don’t Western expats living in Dubai consider Emirati citizenship (they do not recognize dual citizenship, though) if they consider the UAE their new home?
The other person responded with the why, but not the how.
Realistically unless you step foot on US soil, or the country you moved to has existing treaty deals to deal with it like Canada does, they won’t be able to do anything about it. It’s unlikely the US would try to extradite you, and even more unlikely the country would cooperate with it.
Being said, countries that do have treaties about it could simply freeze your assets or wages prior to you receiving them, and pay your delinquency off that way.