There are 450,000 infections each year in the US including 240,000 cases that do not respond to regular treatment

Cases of the highly contagious and often drug-resistant bacterial disease, Shigella, are rising across the U.S., with dozens of doctors issuing warnings.

Shigella infections, known as shigellosis, can cause bloody diarrhea, dysentery, fever, vomiting, dehydration, stomach cramps, seizures, blood infections and in rare cases, death.

Experts have long been aware that drug-resistant strains of Shigella disproportionately cause severe illness in children under the age of 5. But doctors from health departments across the U.S. announced in April that white men are now the most susceptible to infections from drug resistant Shigella.

That findings could change the way hospitals respond to the pervasive illness, the doctors noted in a federal report.

  • HubertManne@piefed.social
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    2 days ago

    why is this being called sexually transmitted. stds generally are exclusively gotten from sexual contact or its way harder to get other ways. that is not so with this disease. saying its an std kinda minimizes it.

    • chicken@lemmy.dbzer0.com
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      2 days ago

      The bacteria also spreads during sexual contact that involves the anus, putting men who have sex with men at a higher risk of infection.

      In the U.K., the spread of the disease through sex grew 15 percent faster annually from 2015-2020 compared to spread through other methods of transmission, according to a July study.

      A few simple steps can prevent illness. Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds before you eat, engage in sexual activity or change a diaper, according to the clinic. Avoiding sexual contact for at least two weeks with anyone who has diarrhea or who recently recovered from diarrhea is also advised.

      It’s a warning not to have sex with people with diarrhea. Also, there are various interesting things about the disease when sexually transmitted vs not, for instance a study linked by the article theorizes that being sexually transmitted is why the disease is becoming resistant to medication:

      It has been speculated that the acquisition of azithromycin resistance for Shigella moving into sexual transmission networks was driven by bystander resistance.9,10,12 This phenomenon refers to the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in an off-target organism following treatment for a co-infection. In the case of shigellosis-affected MSM in the UK, this was assumed to be driven by the overlapping epidemic of gonorrhoea, for which there is an intensive screen and treat programme.9,12 Our results are consistent with this hypothesis.

      • ArsonButCute@programming.dev
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        1 day ago

        men who have sex with men

        My friend just say “people who have anal sex”. You’re excluding straight people who do butt stuff, and your excluding transfemme tops who do butt stuff. Saying “people who have anal sex” includes those groups as well as those who eat ass but otherwise don’t put things in butts.

        It’s not just gay and bisexual men who put things in butts. Not even close.

      • HubertManne@piefed.social
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        2 days ago

        thats not the only way it spread. fecal matter on the hands of someone preparing food can. which is much more scary. fecal matter on hands is unfortunately a not uncommon thing. I was so happy during covid when so many restaurants started getting and mandating the light plastic gloves. wash hands signs are just not adequate.

        • chicken@lemmy.dbzer0.com
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          2 days ago

          Yes you are right, but the sexual transmission aspect has reasons to mention it. One thing I’m unclear about is how frequently this disease spreads sexually vs by other means, I couldn’t find this mentioned in the article and if the study mentioned it I can’t parse the academic jargon well enough to see it.

          • HubertManne@piefed.social
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            2 days ago

            my problem is calling it an std, because it will run rampant with out any sexual activity happening in a community. A monestary could have an outbreak. To me it minimizes it by looking at one way it can transmit when its likely not even the most common. Food borne pathogens are a much bigger deal.

            • chicken@lemmy.dbzer0.com
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              2 days ago

              I guess that’s fair, but the wording of the title to me doesn’t imply that it can’t spread other ways. I wish we did know whether it’s the most common though because that is very relevant to whether the headline is misleading.

              • HubertManne@piefed.social
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                1 day ago

                there is no way sexual contact is more common with this type of pathogen than someone preparing food without washing their hands. that is such a common spread vector I just can’t possibly see it.

                • chicken@lemmy.dbzer0.com
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                  1 day ago

                  In one of the studies cited by this one it’s implied that the number is around 30% (in Australia):

                  In total, 545 Shigella isolates (364 Shigella sonnei and 181 Shigella flexneri) isolates underwent WGS, representing 42.9% (545/1269) of shigellosis notifications in Victoria over the study period. The median age was 35 years (interquartile range 27–48; range 0–83), with a male to female ratio of 2.4:1.0 (Supplementary Figure 1). Over one-third of cases (36.0%; 196/545) were associated with overseas travel as a primary risk factor, and 176 (32.3%) cases identified MSM as a primary risk factor.

                  And 60% for the specific strain associated with sexual transmission and higher antibiotic resistance:

                  In contrast to the travel-associated lineages, S. sonnei cases in BP3 were significantly associated with MSM, with 61% (97/159) of males in this lineage reporting MSM as a primary risk factor (Figure 1; Table 1).

                  Although I’m also reading that it differs a lot by region because of different hygiene/public health standards so the numbers might be different elsewhere.

                  • HubertManne@piefed.social
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                    1 day ago

                    yeah this is a small sample size for a disease that has been around a long time. When it comes down to it I feel it wierd to call it sexual transmitted. Any disease that can be transmitted by any bodily secretion or inhalation for that matter can be transmitted with sexual contact. sexual contact is a very specific and not common circumstance. as much as std’s are scary they are a subset that is kinda easy to avoid but also sucks to avoid.