I know that between Chinese & Japanese, there’s vocabulary where the placement of each character differs but retains the same or related definition for the most part, like how 士兵 becomes 兵士 in Japanese, you get the drift. Technically something equivalent exists in Latin based languages such as Red Cross (EN) & Cruz Roja (ES).
| 日本語 | 中文 | ENG |
|---|---|---|
| 詐欺 | 欺詐 | Fraud |
| 苦痛 | 痛苦 | Pain |
| 脅威 | 威脅 | Threat |
| 講演 | 演講 | Lecture |
| 制限 | 限制 | Restriction |
Note to any learners: not all words do this in Chinese/Japanese; plenty are the same in both borrowed from the other country. (not that OP suggested it was, but I could see it being read that way)
I can’t think of any real examples. For letters, abbreviations can end up like that as others point out. I think that’s about the extent of anything meaningful. Adjective order differs, but that feels like cheating. There may be some compound words out there that fit this. In Japanese, a conveyor belt is called a belt conveyor (ベルトコンベヤー), but that also feels a bit like cheating.