I once pirated a book because I didn’t want to get it from another room.
I pirated a game I legit bought. This was way back in the days when some games had this annoying copy protection where you had to look up words from the manual before you could play. Enter the 3rd word on line 7 of page 28. This sort of thing.
It got old really fast, so I disassembled the binary and saw where it was calling on a random number generator to select the page. I changed just 1 assembly instruction so that the generator would always return 0. Then it said look up so-and-so and the word turned out to be “time”. After that, all I had to do was enter “time” at launch and I tossed out the manual.
One example is Minecraft, which I legit bought but no longer legitimately own, because when Microsoft took over they forced people to make Microsoft accounts and no longer allow Mojang accounts to be used to authenticate. Because I didn’t make a Microsoft account, I no longer own the game, so now I play a pirated copy because I can no longer legitimately play it.
Another example is some games made by studios that went bust and there’s no longer any legit distributor of the game, so the only copy you can download is a pirated copy.
It’s still piracy if it circumvents the intended method of distribution and validation that you own a licence.
Piracy cannot happen if it’s fair use. And this is fair use (I’m referring to downloading a game you already own, not the thing about dead studios).
Piracy is the intention/result, not the method. If you bought a video game, you own it and are allowed to own a backup of it. How you get that backup is irrelevant
In the first example, it is not fair use, because you don’t buy digital copies of games—you buy a licence to play the game. My Minecraft licence would have been revoked when I didn’t create a Microsoft account. Game companies can impose whatever conditions on a game licence they like (so long as the condition is not otherwise illegal).
Case law is specific to jurisdiction. I don’t know where you live, and I’ve not said where I live. The way buying and selling most digital copies of games is through buying and selling licences, though some software you do pay for the download itself rather than paying for a licence. That doesn’t require case law; that’s literally just what it is, like how if I sign a contract I don’t need case law to demonstrate that what I’ve signed is a contract, it just is. Case law adjudicates matters of law which are in dispute, not figuring out whether a spade is a spade.
Yes. Assembly is barely abstracted from the actual machine instructions, to the point where the process of translating it is easily reversible. Reading assembly code is a thing all on it’s own, though.
There’s specialised software available for this kind of reverse-engineering now, too, if you’re doing something more complicated than just looking for and cutting out a system call.
Yeah. At the lowest level, the CPU reads a program as a bunch of numbers, where each number is a very simple instruction such as “add 2 values together”. Assembly language is a more human-readable version of machine code, where you can see something more like add r1,r2 instead of 35397176 or whatever numeric code means “add the value in register 1 to 2” for some hypothetical processor. (Registers are where the processor keeps values loaded in from the RAM.)
So in my case, if I saw that the program was making some system call to the random number generator and the calling conventions used by the operating system always put the return value in register 0, I could replace the call with something like clr r0 (clear the value in register 0). It’s a pretty simple hack. So the “generator” now always generates zero.
These days, programs are often code-signed and if you start messing around like that, they’ll get flagged as malware. But it worked fine back in those open and trusting days.
That’s a good question. It may depend on the platform?
Right now, I’m doing most of my coding on a Mac. I noticed I get into trouble when trying to move the program to another machine. The OS seems to tag the executable with some metadata that runs afoul of Gatekeeper. Removing said metadata seems to get you past that. But that’s for in-house software that has never been registered with Apple or anything. I’ve never actually tried modifying a program that has been registered, so I’m not sure if there are any extra levels to this?
I pirated a game I legit bought. This was way back in the days when some games had this annoying copy protection where you had to look up words from the manual before you could play. Enter the 3rd word on line 7 of page 28. This sort of thing.
It got old really fast, so I disassembled the binary and saw where it was calling on a random number generator to select the page. I changed just 1 assembly instruction so that the generator would always return 0. Then it said look up so-and-so and the word turned out to be “time”. After that, all I had to do was enter “time” at launch and I tossed out the manual.
I would argue that this is not possible.
It definitely is, and I’ve done it several times.
One example is Minecraft, which I legit bought but no longer legitimately own, because when Microsoft took over they forced people to make Microsoft accounts and no longer allow Mojang accounts to be used to authenticate. Because I didn’t make a Microsoft account, I no longer own the game, so now I play a pirated copy because I can no longer legitimately play it.
Another example is some games made by studios that went bust and there’s no longer any legit distributor of the game, so the only copy you can download is a pirated copy.
It’s still piracy if it circumvents the intended method of distribution and validation that you own a licence.
Piracy cannot happen if it’s fair use. And this is fair use (I’m referring to downloading a game you already own, not the thing about dead studios).
Piracy is the intention/result, not the method. If you bought a video game, you own it and are allowed to own a backup of it. How you get that backup is irrelevant
In the first example, it is not fair use, because you don’t buy digital copies of games—you buy a licence to play the game. My Minecraft licence would have been revoked when I didn’t create a Microsoft account. Game companies can impose whatever conditions on a game licence they like (so long as the condition is not otherwise illegal).
And you have case law to back this up?
Case law is specific to jurisdiction. I don’t know where you live, and I’ve not said where I live. The way buying and selling most digital copies of games is through buying and selling licences, though some software you do pay for the download itself rather than paying for a licence. That doesn’t require case law; that’s literally just what it is, like how if I sign a contract I don’t need case law to demonstrate that what I’ve signed is a contract, it just is. Case law adjudicates matters of law which are in dispute, not figuring out whether a spade is a spade.
That’s a lot of work in the short term to be lazy in the long, and I am impressed
You can disassemble programs like that? and see what’s inside? can you explain like I’m four and three quarters?
Yes. Assembly is barely abstracted from the actual machine instructions, to the point where the process of translating it is easily reversible. Reading assembly code is a thing all on it’s own, though.
There’s specialised software available for this kind of reverse-engineering now, too, if you’re doing something more complicated than just looking for and cutting out a system call.
Yeah. At the lowest level, the CPU reads a program as a bunch of numbers, where each number is a very simple instruction such as “add 2 values together”. Assembly language is a more human-readable version of machine code, where you can see something more like
add r1,r2instead of35397176or whatever numeric code means “add the value in register 1 to 2” for some hypothetical processor. (Registers are where the processor keeps values loaded in from the RAM.)So in my case, if I saw that the program was making some system call to the random number generator and the calling conventions used by the operating system always put the return value in register 0, I could replace the call with something like
clr r0(clear the value in register 0). It’s a pretty simple hack. So the “generator” now always generates zero.These days, programs are often code-signed and if you start messing around like that, they’ll get flagged as malware. But it worked fine back in those open and trusting days.
Isn’t there a way to manually whitelist modified software on your AV, if it’s your own machine?
With modern software, there’s also the problem of just learning whatever weird stack the game is running on, to know where to look.
That’s a good question. It may depend on the platform?
Right now, I’m doing most of my coding on a Mac. I noticed I get into trouble when trying to move the program to another machine. The OS seems to tag the executable with some metadata that runs afoul of Gatekeeper. Removing said metadata seems to get you past that. But that’s for in-house software that has never been registered with Apple or anything. I’ve never actually tried modifying a program that has been registered, so I’m not sure if there are any extra levels to this?